Ted Johnson separates an interface's channel, expressive range and interaction protocol. Speech and natural language can broaden what people communicate while preserving the same submit-and-wait pattern inherited from earlier computers.
Ted Johnson uses voice and meeting demonstrations to show why transcription and interruption alone do not establish whom someone is addressing or when an AI should participate. An expense-approval example illustrates tracking constraints and confirming a proposed change, rather than claiming independently measured product performance.
Ted Johnson asks designers to identify which burdens people carry only because of earlier machine limitations. The aim is not to turn every task into a chatbot, but to build interfaces that handle timing, ambiguity and repair more naturally.
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