The reasoner identifies which parts play corresponding roles and transfers the relationship between them. Similar labels or appearances can be misleading if the underlying relationships differ.
In AI evaluation, analogy tasks can test whether a model transfers a rule to unfamiliar examples. Success on one constructed task does not establish that it reasons reliably across domains.
ELI5
You can understand a new idea by seeing what it has in common with something familiar. The useful part is how the pieces relate to each other.
For example, if a key opens a lock, that relationship can help explain how a password opens access to an account.
How does it differ from matching similar words?
Analogies match relationships. The words or objects can be quite different.
Can an analogy be wrong?
Yes. A comparison can hide important differences, so its conclusions still need checking.
