Data partitioning assigns different portions of data to different computational resources. In distributed AI, a tensor may be split by examples, features, model dimensions, experts, or sequence positions, depending on the algorithm and hardware topology.
A useful partition balances work while minimizing data exchange and duplication. Poor boundaries can create uneven load, excessive communication, difficult synchronization, or expensive reshaping. The best partition depends on tensor shape, operation order, memory capacity, and network links.
ELI5
Data partitioning divides a large collection of data into smaller pieces that different computers or storage systems can handle. Good partitions let work happen in parallel without excessive copying or communication.
For example, an AI training job can send different batches of examples to several accelerators at the same time. If one partition contains much more work than the others, some machines finish early and wait, so the split should balance workload and match the hardware links.
