A computational study is easier to reproduce when it records the data, software versions, model settings and steps that produced a result. A second team can use these materials to check whether the reported result follows from the documented process.
Missing data or an unavailable model can prevent an exact reproduction. A team may still run a related test with a replacement, but should describe what changed so readers can judge the comparison.
ELI5
A result is reproducible when another person can follow the same instructions with the same materials and get a consistent result.
For example, if you share the code and spreadsheet behind a chart, a classmate can run the code and check that it draws the same chart.
Does reproducibility show the finding holds for every model?
No. It shows that the result can be obtained again under the documented conditions; other models or tasks need their own tests.
Why do software versions matter?
Changes in a library or model can affect results even when the rest of the procedure stays the same.
