What is immunotherapy?

Definition

Immunotherapy includes several treatment classes rather than one single medicine. In cancer care, examples include immune checkpoint inhibitors, engineered immune cells, therapeutic antibodies, cytokines, and vaccines intended to help the immune system recognize or attack tumor cells.

Combining treatments can target different parts of the immune response, but benefits and risks must be established for the exact regimen and patient group. A successful combination trial supports the tested combination and does not automatically prove that every component worked equally or that an unreported design technology caused the outcome.

ELI5

Immunotherapy is treatment that helps the body's immune system fight disease more effectively. It may remove a brake that stops immune cells from attacking, teach them what target to recognize, or provide specially prepared immune cells.

For example, a cancer vaccine might show the immune system selected tumor markers while another medicine removes signals that keep immune cells quiet. Researchers test the combination because the effect and side effects can differ from using either treatment alone.

Acronyms and aliases

immune therapy variant

Frequently asked questions

Is immunotherapy the same as chemotherapy?

No. Chemotherapy generally acts directly on rapidly dividing cells, while immunotherapy changes or directs immune activity. Some treatment plans use both approaches.

Why can immunotherapy cause side effects?

Increasing immune activity can also make the immune system affect healthy tissues. The type and severity of side effects depend on the treatment and the individual patient.

Videos explaining immunotherapy